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Sit right there and I'll tell you a tale, a tale of a fateful ship...
Well, not quite. I spent three hours getting these gloves yesterday and hope that my experience can help anyone else trying to get these gloves.
1: I got my key within the first fifteen minutes. I was on at about 11:15 p.m. EST. Basically, I slaughtered everything that I could possibly get the key from. However, I spent the next two hours looking for that #%&@ chest. Yes, I went to Mysterytour and looked at the spawn spots, but there was no chest to be found. There were at least two other people camping the chest. Lo and behold, the chest finally appeared. It was in next to the northern wall of the stair area in J-5. I was so excited! When I opened the chest, all I got was 570 gil :( Note, however, that I had 30 items when I opened the chest (yes, 30 including the Ranperre key).
2: This time, it was personal. I had spent way too much time to not get these things, even if they only sell for 5k on my server in San d'Oria. I started to kill again, but then quickly became discouraged and decided that 2 AM EST was late enough. Then, the game played a cruel trick on me: It spawned a chest in the same place!!! I didn't see anyone in Ranperre's at that time, so I again proceeded to slaughter everything that could give me the key in a desperate race to get a key before someone else took the chest (berserk and meat kabobs were a plus for this part). It took me twenty-five mintues to get the key again; I was on edge the whole time though. Well, I ran back to the chest, making sure that I had only 29 items in my inventory including the Ranperre key, opened the chest, and............... yes! The gloves!
Morals of story:
1: Have at least one open space in your inventory when you open a chest. I am not sure if that makes a difference in whether the game gives you gil or an item, but no reason to risk it.
2: Be patient. Good things come to those who wait (even if it is three hours)
3: It could be worse: You could be hunting Leaping Lizzy!
4: I got both my keys from gobs (but not leechers, gamblers, or muggers).
5: I'm sorry, but I was not able to uncover any specific information about the chest spawn rate.
Hope this helps everyone!